Tuesday, 25 February 2014

sequences and series - Closed form of sumnk=0binom2kk(1/4)k



Loosely related to my last question, I was trying to find a closed form of the finite sum



an:=nk=0(2kk)(14)k




This is not too different from the well-known expression



nk=0(2kk)(14)k=(n+12n)=2n+122n(2nn)



so



nk=0(2kk)(14)k=nk=0(2kk)(14)k2nk=0k odd(2kk)(14)k=2n+122n(2nn)12n12l=0(4l+22l+1)116l.




However, the second sum does not seem to be easier to handle at first glance. Also trying a similar ansatz an=(2kk)pn/22n led to seemingly unstructured pn given by (starting from p=0):



1,1,73,95,7235,97,18577,227143,57772145,




So I was wondering (a) if there already is a known closed form for the an (I've searched quite a bit but sadly wasn't successful) and if not, then (b) what is a good way to tackle this problem - or does a "simple" (sum-free) form maybe not even exist?





Thanks in advance for any answer or comment!






Edit: I am aware of the solution



an=(1)n22n+2(2n+2n+1)2F1(1;n+32;n+2;1)+12




Mathematica presents where 2F1 is the hypergeometric function. But as the latter is given by an infinite sum, I was hoping for something simpler by connecting it to the known, non-alternating problem as described above - although I'd also accept if this was not possible.


Answer



(1)k4k(2kk)=[xk]11+x
implies that
nk=0(1)k4k(2kk)=[xn]1(1x)1+x=12+12[xn]11+x+2+2x
hence an is positive and convergent to 12, and the hypergeometric representation is straightforward.
The Maclaurin coefficients of g(x)=1(1x)+21x are positive and they behave like 12πn for large values of n, hence we have the approximate identity
an12+(1)n2πn
for n+.


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