Monday, 11 August 2014

elementary number theory - Prove gcd(k,l)=dRightarrowgcd(2k1,2l1)=2d1

This is a problem for a graduate level discrete math class that I'm hoping to take next year (as a senior undergrad). The problem is as stated in the title:





Given that gcd, prove that \gcd(2^k - 1, 2^l - 1) = 2^d - 1.




The problem also says "hint: use Euclid's lemma," although I'm not sure what part of the problem should be applied to. I've been thinking about it for a few days and I'm completely stumped.



I'm not really even sure how to show that it divides either 2^k - 1 or 2^l - 1. From the given, we know that \exists c: dc = k. We need to show that \exists c': (2^d - 1)c' = 2^k - 1. Obviously c' = 2^c gives you (2^d - 1)c' = 2^k - 2^c, but I can't figure out how to get rid of the extra terms that the - 1 brings in in various places.




From Euclid's lemma on the left side, you know \exists i: di = k - l, and applying it on the right side, you know it suffices to show that \gcd(2^k - 2^l, 2^l - 1) = 2^d - 1. And by Bezout's identity, it's enough to show that 2^d - 1 can be written as a linear combination of either of those things.



Can anyone give me a hint?

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