Tuesday, 12 August 2014

real analysis - Countable subset and monotonic function



let E be subset of R which has no isloated points(or C does not have any isolated point of E) and C be countable subset of R does there exist a monotonic function on E which is continuous only at points in E-C?



The problem is from Royden 4th edition page 109.



I know the proof in case E is an open bounded interval only.


Answer



Let




$$L=\left\{x\in C:\exists y_x\in\Bbb R\big(y_x

this is the set of points in C that are not limits from the left of points in E. Another way to say it is that xL if and only if xC and $x>\sup_{\Bbb R}\{y\in E:y

CY={xn:nN}.



(I’m assuming that C is countably infinite; if C is finite, the problem is fairly trivial.) Let



f:EYR:xxnx12n.




Finally, let



g:ER:x{f(yxn),if x=xnYf(x),otherwise.



The definition of f ensures that g is discontinuous from the left at every point of CL and continuous everywhere else, and the modification to get g ensures that g is discontinuous from the right at every point of L without affecting continuity at any other point of E. Thus, g is discontinuous precisely at the points of C.


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