Saturday, 2 July 2016

calculus - If ,limhto0fracf(x+h)f(xh)2h, exists for every x, what does this imply for f?

Consider the function
f(x)={1+x2ifxrationalx2ifxirrational
Then, for x=0, the limit lim exists, although f nowhere continuous.



Consider now the function
f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{rll} 1 & \text{if} & x=0 \\ 0 & \text{if} & x\ne 0\end{array}\right.

Then the limit \lim_{h\to 0}\dfrac{f(x+h)-f(x-h)}{2h} exists, for every x, although f is not continuous at x=0. This example can be generalised, and obtain an f which is discontinuous in countably many points (for example all the rationals), while the central difference converges.



Suppose now that limit \lim_{h\to 0}\dfrac{f(x+h)-f(x-h)}{2h} exists for every x is some open interval. Does this imply that f is not differentiable in at most countably many points?

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