Tuesday, 1 November 2016

limits - Proof Verification: Show that every polynomial of odd degree with real coefficients has at least one real root.

Question: Show that every polynomial of odd degree with real coefficients has at least one real root.




Proof: $f(x)$ is of the form:



$f(x) = a_nx^n +a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+.....+a_2x^2 + a_1x +a_0$



$f(x)$ is an odd degree polynomial and is hence continuous on $\mathbb{R}$.



Then, if $f(x)$ has a positive leading coefficient



$\implies \lim_{x \to \infty}f(x)=\infty$ and $\lim_{x \to -\infty}f(x)=-\infty$




$\implies \exists \alpha,\beta \in\mathbb{R}$ with $ \alpha > \beta$ such that:



$ \alpha>0$ and $f(\alpha)>0$ and $\beta <0$ and $f(\beta)<0$



Now, consider the restriction of $f(x)$ onto the interval $I:=[\beta,\alpha]$



The restriction of $f$ on $I$ is also continuous on $I$



Then, since $f(\beta)<0


$ \exists$ a number $c \in (\beta,\alpha)$ such that $f(c) =0$



Can anyone please verify this proof and let me know if it is correct and /or if I'm missing out on something?



Note: I've missed out on the case with negative leading coefficient as I believe that too will be done in a similar fashion should this proof be alright.



Thank you.

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