Saturday, 8 June 2013

combinatorics - Combinatorial interpretation of the sum $sum s1(n, i+j) cdot {i + j choose i} $




I'm trying to figure out a combinatorial interpretation of the following sum:



$\sum\limits_{i,j} s1(n, i+j) \cdot {i + j \choose i} $



and then a compact formula. The $ s1 $ function denotes the Stirling numbers of the first kind (i.e. number of $ n$-permutations with $i+j$ cycles).



For fixed $ i $, it looks like choosing a permutation with at least $ i $ cycles and choosing $ i $ out of them, but I can' see a closed formula from this


Answer



\begin{align}
\sum_{i,j}s_1(n,i+j)\binom{i+j}i

&=
\sum_ks_1(n,k)\sum_{i=0}^k\binom ki=\sum_ks_1(n,k)2^k=(-1)^n(-2)_n=(n+1)!\;,
\end{align}



where $(x)_n$ is the falling factorial $x(x-1)\cdots(x-n+1)$.



So the number of subsets of cycles taken from permutations of $n$ elements is the number of permutations of $n+1$ elements. I don't see a bijective proof of that, but I'll think about it.


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