Tuesday, 4 June 2013

summation - Partial sums of sumnx=1frac1xlog(x)?



I am interested in getting more precise partial sums for nx=11xlog(x) I understand that this series will diverge as n. I've only been able to get a rough estimate for a lower bound based on PNT. Using PNT I can deduce that pn ~ nlog(n). Using Rosser's Theorem I know that pn>nlog(n). I've looked into it and found: nx=11xlog(x) ~ nx=11pxHn ~ log(n). With this I know that nx=11xlog(x)>log(n) because it is the sum of their reciprocals and the nth harmonic Hnlog(n)=γ as n. I did find an old forum post on a similar question about specifically primes: nx=11pxlog(px) but it proved to be inconclusive. I am interested if there is an asymptotic function with some error that better approximates partial sums. I'm looking to graph sums. I know Taylor Series could help but I'm looking for something more succient if possible.


Answer



First, note that log1=0 hence as written your sum is infinite. So let us instead consider the sum with lower index at 2, i.e. S(n)=nx=21xlogx. Since f(x)=1/(xlogx) is convex on x>1, we find that S(n)>nx=2dxxlogx=log(lognlog2). This lower bound can be improved using the trapezoidal rule, namely S(n)>12log(lognlog(n+1)log2log3). Since the error is largest for small n, we could do still better by summing the first few terms exactly, then using the relationship nx=m1xlogx>log(lognlogm),n>m1.


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