The gamma constant is defined by an equation where the harmonic series is subtracted by the natural logarithm:
$$\gamma = \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty }\left(\sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k} - \ln(n)\right)$$
It is well known that both the harmonic series by itself and the sum of reciprocals of primes are divergent.
Is there a well known function that when subtracted from the sum of reciprocals of primes makes the resultant series convergent?
Is there a function $f(x)$ that makes the following series convergent:
$$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty }\left(\sum_{p\text{ is a prime }}^n \frac{1}{p} - f(n)\right)$$
Answer
Yes there is a constant associated with the sum of the reciprocals of the primes. In particular, Mertens showed that $$\sum_{p \text{ prime } \le x} \frac1p - \log\log(x)$$ converges to a constant as $x\to \infty$. This is a result from 1874.
I found the result in a paper:
EULER’S CONSTANT: EULER’S WORK AND MODERN DEVELOPMENTS - By JEFFREY C. LAGARIAS
Mertens' paper is titled: Ein Beitrag zur analytischen Zahlentheorie
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