Saturday 20 August 2016

elementary number theory - Solve for huge linear congruence



How to solve a linear congruence with a very huge number.
For example, 47^27 congruent to x (mod 55)



My idea is to first break this into
47^27 congruent to x (mod 5)
and 47^27 congruent to x (mod 11)
then, by FlT, I can reduce this to:
47^3 congruent to x(mod 5)

and 47^5 congruent to x(mod 11)



However, I don't know how to continue.


Answer



We can do a series of reductions to simplify the problem. So, we have:




  • $47^1 \pmod{55} = 47$

  • $47^2 \pmod{55} = 9$

  • $47^3 \pmod{55} = 9 \times 47 \pmod{55} = 38$


  • $47^4 \pmod{55} = (47^2)^2 \pmod{55} = 9^2 \pmod{55} = 26$

  • $47^5 \pmod{55} = 47^2 \times 47^3 \pmod{55} = 9 \times 38 \pmod{55} = 12$



Now, using this approach, how can we reduce the problem for $47^{27} \pmod{55}$?



You can see additional approaches, like the Modular Exponentiation and other approaches (Montgomery and many others).


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