Wednesday, 3 August 2016

Limit involving binomial coefficients without Stirling's formula




I have this question from a friend who is taking college admission exam, evaluate: limn(4n2n)4n(2nn)

The only way I could do this is by using Stirling's formula:n!2πn(ne)n
after rewriting as limn(4n)!(n!)24n(2n)!3
and it simplifies really satisfying to 12.



However Stirling's formula is not in the syllabus nor taught in high school, is there an elementary approach to this limit?


Answer



l=limn(4n)!(n!)24n(2n)!3=limnn!(22n)(4n1)(2(2n1))...(2n+1)2n2n(2n)!(2n)(2n1)...(n+1)

And with some adjustments results in: l=limn(2n+1)(2n+3)...(4n1)(2n+2)(2n+4)...(4n)
Taking logarithm on both sides gives:
lnl=limnnk=1ln(2n+2k12n+2k)
And using the fact that limx0ln(1+x)=x we get that: lnl=limnnk=112n+2k=12limn1nnk=111+kn
Which evaluates as a Riemann sum:lnl=121011+xdx=12ln2l=12


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