I'm working on a problem set which was given by our analysis lecturer
(a) Let $(a_n)$ be a convergent sequence with limit $a$. show that the
arithmetic mean $$s_n := \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=1}^n a_k$$ of the
sequence $(a_n)$ converges also to $a$
(b) Give a divergent sequence which has a converging arithmetic mean
My Attempt:
(a) As we know the definition for converging sequences: $$\forall \epsilon > 0 \ \exists N(\epsilon) \in \mathbb{N} \ \text{such that} \ \forall n > N \vert a_n - a \vert < \epsilon$$ now we want to show that the arithmetic mean is also converging towards $a$ therefore we can take the limit of $$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=1}^n a_k$$ further we say that $\forall a_n$ where $n > N$ we know $ a_n \rightarrow a$ this means: $$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=N}^n a_k \Leftrightarrow \frac{\overbrace{a_N + \ldots + a_n}^{= na}}{n \rightarrow \infty} \rightarrow a$$ the part where we sum from $1$ to $N$ we can neglect because we only observe for the converging range (correct?)
(b) as we know $ a_n = (-1)^n$ is divergent ($\rightarrow (-1) \ \text{and} \ 1$). Hence arithmetic mean is convergent: $$ \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=N}^n a_k \Leftrightarrow \frac{ \overbrace{-1 +1 -1 +1 \ldots}^{= 0}}{n} = 0$$
I am thankful for any hint and advice
Answer
We aim to show $s_n= \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=1}^n a_k-a\to 0 \iff \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=1}^n (a_k-a)\to 0$
Hence it suffices to show the case when $s=0$, that is $a_n\to 0 \implies s_n\to 0$
That is $\forall \epsilon > 0 \ \exists N_1 \in \mathbb{N} \ \text{such that} \ \forall n > N_1 \vert a_n\vert < \epsilon$
Let $M=\sum_{i=0}^N |a_i|, \exists N_2 \in \mathbb{N} \ \frac{M}{N_2} < \epsilon$
Then $\forall n>N=\max(N_1,N_2), |s_N|\leq\frac{\sum_{i=0}^{n} |a_i|}{n}=\frac{M+\sum_{i=N+1}^{n} |a_i|}{n}<\frac{M}{n}+\frac{(n-N)\epsilon}{n}< 2\epsilon$
Hence we have done.
For the second question, just note $s_n=-1$ for odd $n$, $s_n=0$ for even $n$. Other things you are correct.
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