Tuesday, 20 June 2017

geometry - Prove the similarity of isosceles triangles...



Two similar isosceles triangles are constructed outside of an parallelogram ABCD, the first being ABB1 and second CBC1 i.e. |AB|=|AB1| and |CB|=|CC1|. Since ABB1 and CBC1 are similar, prove that the triangle DB1C1 is similar to ABB1 and CBC1.



I don't know where to start, I don't see any relations so it would be great if someone could give me a starting point/hint what to look for so that I can try to solve the rest by myself.




As for now, I am only allowed to use elementary geometry i.e. Thales, Pythagoras, theorems of the similarity/coherence of 2 triangles, the surface of triangles and quadrilaterals, theorems for circles (the angle over an arc) and the properties of tangential quadrilaterals and cyclic quadrilaterals but no trigonometry properties (we don't use any trigonometry as for now).






I tried to prove the similarity but I am missing an angle or a side to use a similarity theorem.



If I understood the task correctly, the picture should look something like this



triangle




and by looking at the triangles DAB1 and DCC1 I notice: ABCD is a parallelogram and BCC1 is an isosceles triangle so |AD|=|BC|=|CC1|.



The angles DAB1 and DCC1 are equal because
DAB1=DAB+B1AB


DCC1=DCB+C1CB

DAB=DCB
because ABCD is a parallelogram
B1AB=C1CB
because they are both angles within similar triangles



but I am missing an information (angle or side) which I don't know how to get/conclude because

the task says that I have to prove that the red triangle ( DB1C1 ) is similar i.e. isosceles.
So I can't conclude that both triangles (DAB1 and DCC1) have another side of the same size.






ABCD is a parallelogram so |DC|=|AB| and |AB|=|AB1| because the triangle ABB1 is isosceles hence |DC|=|AB1|



Now I got 2 sides and an angle between them.



I will make another update later and let you know if I need more help (or hopefully have figured it out).







In update 1 and 2 I concluded the similarity and (since the sides are of the same size) coherency of the triangles DAB1 and DCC1 and since they are equal, the sides DB1 and DC1 of the triangle DB1C1 are equal which proves that the triangle DB1C1 is an isosceles triangle.



Last step, the angles:



As for now, we have:
α=DAB=DCB
β=BAB1=BCC1



Now using the similarity of triangles DAB1 and DCC1:
γ=DB1Aγ=CDC1
δ=B1DAδ=DC1C




Now, our notation on the triangle DAB1 implies: α+β+γ+ δ=180°
β=180°αγδβ=ADCγδβ=B1DC1



Note: α=DAB180°α=ADC (ABCD is a parallelogram)



And that's our needed angle (because we already proved that the triangle B1DC1 is an isosceles triangle DB1C1=DC1B1=12(180°β) )



ABB1CBC1DB1C1



Answer



Hint: Prove that triangles DAB1,C1CD and C1BB1 are similar.


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