I recently stumbled upon the following reduction formula on the internet which I am so far unable to prove.
In=∫dx(ax2+b)nIn=x2b(n−1)(ax2+b)n−1+2n−32b(n−1)In−1
I tried the substitution x=√bat, and it gave me
In=b1/2−na1/2∫dt(t2+1)n
To which I applied t=tanu:
In=b1/2−na1/2∫cotn−1u du
I then used the cotnu reduction formula to find
In=−b1/2−na1/2(cotn−2un−2+∫cotn−3u du)
In=−b1/2−ncotn−2ua1/2(n−2)−b2In−2
Which is a reduction formula, but not the reduction formula.
Could someone provide a derivation of the reduction formula? Thanks.
Answer
Hint The appearance of the term in x(ax2+b)n−1 suggests applying integration by parts with dv=dx and thus u=(ax2+b)−n. Renaming n to m we get
Im=uv−∫vdu=x(ax2+b)m+2m∫ax2dx(ax2+b)m+1.
Now, the integral on the right can be rewritten as a linear combination pIm+1+qIm, so we can solve for Im+1 in terms of Im and replace m with n−1.
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