Saturday, 21 January 2017

calculus - Reduction formula for intfracdx(ax2+b)n



I recently stumbled upon the following reduction formula on the internet which I am so far unable to prove.
In=dx(ax2+b)nIn=x2b(n1)(ax2+b)n1+2n32b(n1)In1

I tried the substitution x=bat, and it gave me
In=b1/2na1/2dt(t2+1)n
To which I applied t=tanu:
In=b1/2na1/2cotn1u du
I then used the cotnu reduction formula to find
In=b1/2na1/2(cotn2un2+cotn3u du)
In=b1/2ncotn2ua1/2(n2)b2In2
Which is a reduction formula, but not the reduction formula.



Could someone provide a derivation of the reduction formula? Thanks.



Answer



Hint The appearance of the term in x(ax2+b)n1 suggests applying integration by parts with dv=dx and thus u=(ax2+b)n. Renaming n to m we get
Im=uvvdu=x(ax2+b)m+2max2dx(ax2+b)m+1.
Now, the integral on the right can be rewritten as a linear combination pIm+1+qIm, so we can solve for Im+1 in terms of Im and replace m with n1.


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