Saturday, 14 January 2017

complex analysis - Cauchy Principal Value Integral of PVintlimitsinftyinftyfrac1x(x41)dx.




PV1x(x41)dx.



I would be very grateful if you could help me solving this integral.
I tried to let f(z)=1z(z41) and integrate around a large closed circle in the upper-half complex plane indented at the origin, with 3 poles on the real axis +1,1,0 and a singularity point in +i
My result was :



PV1x(x41)dx=0.



Is that correct?



My attempt:
PV1x(x41)dx=γ1z(z41)dz=2πiRes(f(z),+i)+πiRes(f(z),+1)+πiRes(f(z),1)+πiRes(f(z),0)=πi2+πi4+πi4πi=0.



Answer



I get zero, but here you will see that the only residue computation is at z=i. Indent about each pole on the real axis into a semicircular contour above the real axis. Each indentation is a semicircle above the real axis of radius ϵ. You then get



PVdxx(x41)+iϵ0πdϕeϕ(1+ϵeiϕ)(4ϵeiϕ)+iϵ0πdϕeϕ(ϵeiϕ)(1+ϵ4ei4ϕ)+iϵ0πdϕeϕ(1ϵeiϕ)(4ϵeiϕ)=i2πi(4i)



The RHS is i2π times the residue of the pole at z=i. This simplifies to



PVdxx(x41)iπ4+iπiπ4=iπ2



From this, the PV of the integral may be deduced to be zero.



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