PV∞∫−∞1x(x4−1)dx.
I would be very grateful if you could help me solving this integral.
I tried to let f(z)=1z(z4−1) and integrate around a large closed circle in the upper-half complex plane indented at the origin, with 3 poles on the real axis +1,−1,0 and a singularity point in +i
My result was :
PV∞∫−∞1x(x4−1)dx=0.
Is that correct?
My attempt:
PV∞∫−∞1x(x4−1)dx=∮γ1z(z4−1)dz=2πiRes(f(z),+i)+πiRes(f(z),+1)+πiRes(f(z),−1)+πiRes(f(z),0)=πi2+πi4+πi4−πi=0.
Answer
I get zero, but here you will see that the only residue computation is at z=i. Indent about each pole on the real axis into a semicircular contour above the real axis. Each indentation is a semicircle above the real axis of radius ϵ. You then get
PV∫∞−∞dxx(x4−1)+iϵ∫0πdϕeϕ(−1+ϵeiϕ)(−4ϵeiϕ)+iϵ∫0πdϕeϕ(ϵeiϕ)(−1+ϵ4ei4ϕ)+iϵ∫0πdϕeϕ(1−ϵeiϕ)(4ϵeiϕ)=i2πi(−4i)
The RHS is i2π times the residue of the pole at z=i. This simplifies to
PV∫∞−∞dxx(x4−1)−iπ4+iπ−iπ4=iπ2
From this, the PV of the integral may be deduced to be zero.
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