The sum of the fourth powers of the first n integers can be expressed as a multiple of the sum of squares of the first n integers, i.e.
n∑r=1r4=n(n+1)(2n+1)(3n3+3n−1)30=3n2+3n−15⋅n(n+1)(2n+1)6=3n2+3n−15n∑r=1r2
Question: Is it possible to show this, purely by manipulating the summand, and without first expressing the summation in closed form and then factoring the sum of squares?
From the question here, we see that
n∑r=1r4=(n∑r=1r2)2−2n∑r=1r2r−1∑j=1j2=n∑r=1r2(n∑i=1i2−2r−1∑j=1j2)
but this does not appear to lead anywhere closer to answering the question.
Another approach might be to use Abel's summation formula
n∑r=1fr(gr+1−gr)=[fn+1gn+1−f1g1]−n∑r=1gr+1(fr+1−fr)
Putting fr=r2 and gr=r(r−1)(2r−1)6 gives
n∑r=1r4=(n+1)2⋅n(n+1)(2n+1)6−n∑r=1r(r+1)(2r+1)6⋅(2r+1)
but again this does not seem to get us any further.
1st Edit
Putting Tm=∑nr=1rm, the original problem can be restated as an attempt to prove that
5T4=(6T1−1)T2
2nd Edit
This paper might be useful.
In section 4 (p206), it is stated that
σ4σ2=6σ1−15
which is derived from the Faulhabner polynomials.
σm has the same definition as our Tm as defined above.
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