Monday, 30 January 2017

elementary set theory - Sum and product of Cardinal numbers

Define the sum and the product of two cardinal numbers and show that these are well-defined operations.



That's what I have tried:



Let A,B sets with AB=,card(A)=m,card(B)=n.




We define the sum m+n of the cardinal numbers m,n as the cardinal number of the union of A and B, i.e.



m+n=card(AB)



We will show that the sum of two cardinal numbers is well-defined.



It suffices to show that if A1B1,A2B2 with A1A2=,B1B2= then A1A2B1B2.



We know that there are bijective functions f:A1A2,g:B1B2.




We want to show that there is a bijective function h:A1A2B1B2.



We set h(x)=f(x) if xA1,h(x)=g(x) if xA2.



We will show that h is 1-1.



Let x1,x2A1A2 with h(x1)=h(x2).



If x1,x2A1 then h(x1)=f(x1),h(x2)=f(x2) and so f(x1)=f(x2)x1=x2




If x1,x2A2 then h(x1)=g(x1),h(x2)=g(x2) and so g(x1)=g(x2)x1=x2 since g is injective.



If x1A1,x2A2 then h(x1)=h(x2)f(x1)=f(x2) that cannot be true because B1B2=.



We will show that h is surjective, i.e. that yB1B2,xA1B2 such that f(x)=y.



If yB1 then we know that there will be a xA1 such that h(x)=yf(x)=y since f is surjective.



If yB2 then we know that there will be a xA2 such that h(x)=yg(x)=y since g is surjective.




We define the product mn of the cardinal numbers m,n as the cardinal number of the cartesian product of A and B, i.e.



mn=card(A×B)



We will show that the product of two cardinal numbers is well-defined.



It suffices to show that if A1B1,A2B2 with A1A2=,B1B2= then A1×A2B1×B2.



We know that there are bijective functions f:A1A2,g:B1B2.




We want to show that there is a bijective function h:A1×A2B1×B2.



We define h:A1×A2B1×B2 such that n,mf(n),g(m)



We will show that h is 1-1.



Let m1,n1,m2,n2A1×A2 with h(m1,n1)=h(m2,n2)f(n1),g(m1)=f(n2),g(m2)f(n1))=f(n2)g(m1)=g(m2)f,g:11m1=m2n1=n2m1,n1=m2,n2



From the surjectivity of f,g we can conclude that h is surjective.




Could you tell me if it is right?

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