Define the sum and the product of two cardinal numbers and show that these are well-defined operations.
That's what I have tried:
Let A,B sets with A∩B=∅,card(A)=m,card(B)=n.
We define the sum m+n of the cardinal numbers m,n as the cardinal number of the union of A and B, i.e.
m+n=card(A∪B)
We will show that the sum of two cardinal numbers is well-defined.
It suffices to show that if A1∼B1,A2∼B2 with A1∩A2=∅,B1∩B2=∅ then A1∪A2∼B1∪B2.
We know that there are bijective functions f:A1→A2,g:B1→B2.
We want to show that there is a bijective function h:A1∪A2→B1∪B2.
We set h(x)=f(x) if x∈A1,h(x)=g(x) if x∈A2.
We will show that h is 1-1.
Let x1,x2∈A1∪A2 with h(x1)=h(x2).
If x1,x2∈A1 then h(x1)=f(x1),h(x2)=f(x2) and so f(x1)=f(x2)⇒x1=x2
If x1,x2∈A2 then h(x1)=g(x1),h(x2)=g(x2) and so g(x1)=g(x2)⇒x1=x2 since g is injective.
If x1∈A1,x2∈A2 then h(x1)=h(x2)⇒f(x1)=f(x2) that cannot be true because B1∩B2=∅.
We will show that h is surjective, i.e. that ∀y∈B1∪B2,∃x∈A1∪B2 such that f(x)=y.
If y∈B1 then we know that there will be a x∈A1 such that h(x)=y⇒f(x)=y since f is surjective.
If y∈B2 then we know that there will be a x∈A2 such that h(x)=y⇒g(x)=y since g is surjective.
We define the product m⋅n of the cardinal numbers m,n as the cardinal number of the cartesian product of A and B, i.e.
m⋅n=card(A×B)
We will show that the product of two cardinal numbers is well-defined.
It suffices to show that if A1∼B1,A2∼B2 with A1∩A2=∅,B1∩B2=∅ then A1×A2∼B1×B2.
We know that there are bijective functions f:A1→A2,g:B1→B2.
We want to show that there is a bijective function h:A1×A2→B1×B2.
We define h:A1×A2→B1×B2 such that ⟨n,m⟩↦⟨f(n),g(m)⟩
We will show that h is 1-1.
Let ⟨m1,n1⟩,⟨m2,n2⟩∈A1×A2 with h(⟨m1,n1⟩)=h(⟨m2,n2⟩)→⟨f(n1),g(m1)⟩=⟨f(n2),g(m2)⟩→f(n1))=f(n2)∧g(m1)=g(m2)f,g:1−1→m1=m2∧n1=n2→⟨m1,n1⟩=⟨m2,n2⟩
From the surjectivity of f,g we can conclude that h is surjective.
Could you tell me if it is right?
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