Friday, 13 January 2017

real analysis - Is the limit of a convergent sequence always a limit point of the sequence or the range of the sequence?

In this video lecture (Real analysis, HMC,2010, by Prof. Su) Professor Francis Su says (around 54:30) that "If a sequence {pn} converges to a point p it does not necessarily mean p is a limit point of the range of {pn}." I'm not sure how that can hold (except in case of a constant sequence).



I'm not able to understand the difference between the set {pn} and the range of {pn} (which I understand is the set of all values attained by pn). As per my understanding they're the same (except {pn} might contain some repeated values which the range of pn won't, e.g. the range of the sequence {1/2,1/2,1/2,1/2,1/3,1/3,1/3,1/3,1/4,1/4,...} would be {1/2,1/3,1/4,...}, or that of the constant sequence {1,1,1,...} would be {1}.



Based on this understanding, my reasoning is as follows: By the definition of a convergent sequence {pn} converging to p, for every ϵ>0 we can find an infinite number of terms of {pn} which lie at a distance less than ϵ from p, i.e. within an ϵ-neighborhood of p. Hence every ϵ-neighborhood of p contains an infinite number of points of the set {pn} other than itself (p). Hence p is a limit point of {pn}.



Now this would not hold only in case of a constant sequence, which converges, but any neighborhood of of its limit cannot contain any points in common with the sequence other than itself. Hence the limit won't be a limit point of the sequence.




Other than this special case, I cannot think of any situation where the limit of a convergent sequence is not also a limit point of the sequence.



Can anyone help? Thanks in advance.

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