Could someone explain why you multiply the lengths and add the angles when multiplying polar coordinates?
I tried multiplying the polar forms (r1(cosθ1+isinθ1)⋅r2(cosθ2+isinθ2)), and expanding/factoring the result, and end up multiplying the lengths but can't seem to come to an equation where you add the angles.
Answer
By multiplying things out as usual, you get
[r1(cosθ1+isinθ1)][r2(cosθ2+isinθ2)]=r1r2(cosθ1cosθ2−sinθ1sinθ2+i[sinθ1cosθ2+sinθ2cosθ1]).
Now you want to use the trig identities cosθ1cosθ2−sinθ1sinθ2=cos(θ1+θ2) and sinθ1cosθ2+sinθ2cosθ1=sin(θ1+θ2) to conclude that this is in fact r1r2[cos(θ1+θ2)+isin(θ1+θ2)].
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