Sunday 20 September 2015

calculus - Show that $ int^infty_1frac{1}{1+x^3}dx = int^1_0frac{x}{1+x^3}dx$



Consider the integral $$J = \int^\infty_0\frac{1}{1+x^3}dx$$show that $$ \int^\infty_1\frac{1}{1+x^3}dx = \int^1_0\frac{x}{1+x^3}dx $$and then deduce that $$J = \int^1_0f(x) dx $$ where f is a function to be determined.



I'm specifically stuck on the second part of the question. It is easy to miss but the bounds for J is $0$ and $\infty$ and not $1$ and $\infty$ as in the case of the first part of the question.



Answer



Let ,



$x = \frac{1}{t}$ , $dx = \frac{-1}{t^2}dt$



at $x = \infty, t = 0$



at $x = 1, t= 1$



$I = \int^0_1\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{t^3}}.\frac{-dt}{t^2} = - \int^0_1\frac{t^3dt}{(t^3 + 1)t^2}$




Changing the limits,



$I = \int^1_0 \frac{tdt}{1+t^3} = \int^1_0\frac{xdx}{1+x^3}$ (Replacing t by x)



$J = \int^\infty_0\frac{dx}{1+x^3} = \int^1_0\frac{dx}{1+x^3}+ \int^\infty_1\frac{dx}{1+x^3} = \int^1_0\frac{dx}{1+x^3} + \int^1_0\frac{xdx}{1+x^3} $ (From I)



$J = \int^1_0\frac{(x+1)dx}{1+x^3}$



Thus, $f(x) = \frac{x+1}{1+x^3}$



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