Saturday, 7 January 2017

calculus - Why is this function not differentiable at (0,0)



I was brushing up on some calculus and I was thinking about the following function:




Letf(x)={yx6+y3+x3yx6+y2for (x,y) (0,0),0for (x,y) = (0,0)The function f is continuous over the entire real line and is differentiable everywhere except at x=0.





For some arbitrary nonzero ξ=(u,v), I was able to compute the directional derivative ξf(0,0)=1hf(hu,hv)=v. In particular for ξ=x=(1,0), we have fx(0,0)=0 and for ξ=y=(0,1), we have that fy(0,0)=1. From here we see that partial derivative depends linearly on the vector we differentiate on meaning (tξ))f(0,0)=(tu,tv)f(0,0)=tv=t(ξf(0,0)).



This function is not differentiable at the origin, in fact it is not even continuous at the origin. I was having trouble seeing exactly why. I've forgotten lots of calculus, but I was wondering if the fact that fy(0,0)=1 while fx(0,0)=0 implies discontinuity at (0,0).



Also as a side note, there is the big theorem in differential calculus which says if all the directional derivatives ξf:R2R are continuous at a point p, then f is differentiable at the point p. I'm confused as to how the partial derivatives above are not continuous.



Any help is much appreciated.


Answer




Hint: consider approaching the origin along the path (x,x3)


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